{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_id":"675","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Karolingischer Monogrammtyp","inventory_number":"167\/5","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/www.virtuelles-muenzkabinett.de\/object?id=ID675","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":61,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/61","publisher_name":"Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-026819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-026819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-026819\/ID675","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.3landesmuseen.de\/Herzog-Anton-Ulrich-Museum.304.0.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hau_museum_braunschweig","author":"Leschhorn, Wolfgang"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"61","owner_name":"Braunschweig, Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-026819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-026819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/www.virtuelles-muenzkabinett.de","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hau_museum_braunschweig","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/61","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1304","nominal_de":"Denar (MA)","nominal_en":"Denarius (MA)","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/medieval_denarius","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4174023-3","info_de":"","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1304"},"date_last":"2025-05-17 04:01:21","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"3","coin_status_name_de":"Bistum","coin_status_name_en":"Bishopric","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bishop","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/3"},{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"36","coin_status_name_de":"K\u00f6nigtum (MA\/NZ)","coin_status_name_en":"Kingdom (medieval\/modern)","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/king","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/36"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"11","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/11","country_name_de":"Frankreich","country_name_en":"France","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/french_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3017382","ikmk_region_id":"168","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/168","region_name_de":"Moselle","region_name_en":"Moselle","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2991627","ikmk_mint_id":"2308","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/2308","mint_name":"Metz?","mint_name_de":"Metz?","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2994160"},{"ikmk_country_id":"11","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/11","country_name_de":"Frankreich","country_name_en":"France","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/french_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3017382","ikmk_region_id":"543","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/543","region_name_de":"Vosges","region_name_en":"Vosges","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2967681","ikmk_mint_id":"2309","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/2309","mint_name":"Remiremont?","mint_name_de":"Remiremont?","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2984050"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"20 mm","weight":"0.94 g","accession":"","access_year":"1896","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"findspot":{"ikmk_country_id":"57","country_ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/57","country_name_de":"Polen","country_name_en":"Poland","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/798544","ikmk_findspot_id":"1498","findspot_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/1498","findspot_name":"Leissower M\u00fchle (Lisowek)","findspot_nomisma_id":"","findspot_geonames_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/766109"},"provenienz_extern":"ex Sammlung E. Bahrfeldt","acquisition_date":null,"avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"[\u2026]OTA[\u2026 ]","image_description":"Karolingisches Monogramm.","foto_date":"2014-03-05","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Raithel, Robert","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.virtuelles-muenzkabinett.de\/image\/ID675\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/www.virtuelles-muenzkabinett.de\/image\/ID675\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/html\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/675\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/www.virtuelles-muenzkabinett.de\/image\/ID675\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/www.virtuelles-muenzkabinett.de\/image\/ID675\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1550238800,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Braunschweig, Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, ID675. Aufnahme durch Raithel, Robert.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Braunschweig, Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, ID675. Photographs by Raithel, Robert."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"OO[...]","image_description":"Kreuz.","foto_date":"2014-03-05","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Raithel, Robert","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.virtuelles-muenzkabinett.de\/image\/ID675\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/www.virtuelles-muenzkabinett.de\/image\/ID675\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/html\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/675\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/www.virtuelles-muenzkabinett.de\/image\/ID675\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/www.virtuelles-muenzkabinett.de\/image\/ID675\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1550238858,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Braunschweig, Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, ID675. Aufnahme durch Raithel, Robert.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Braunschweig, Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, ID675. Photographs by Raithel, Robert."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"17","subdivision_name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Early Middle Ages"},"literatur":"W. Leschhorn, Mittelalterliche M\u00fcnzen (2015) Nr. 148 (dieses Exemplar); Bahrfeldt, Fd. Leissower M\u00fchle 217 (Remiremont); Wendling II\/B\/36 (Metz).","comment":"Bahrfeldt, Fd. Leissower M\u00fchle 217 las auf der Vorderseite OTTO IMPERATO und wies die insgesamt vier Exemplare, die im Fund bei der Leissower M\u00fchle nord\u00f6stlich von Frankfurt an der Oder ans Tageslicht kamen, Otto I. (936-973) und der M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte Remiremont in Lothringen zu. Doch sind auf dem in das Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum gelangten St\u00fcck nur die Buchstaben OTA zu lesen. Wenn die Lesung Bahrfeldts korrekt ist, m\u00fcsste die Legende r\u00fcckl\u00e4ufig gewesen sein. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich aber bei dem St\u00fcck um \u201eeine der Nachahmungen der M\u00fcnzen von Karl dem Kahlen, die am Ende des 9. oder sogar bis in die 2. H\u00e4lfte des 10.Jh., also bis zur Zeit Ottos I. oder Ottos II. im Metzer Lande gepr\u00e4gt wurden\u201c (Wendling, S.12).","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"14","name_de":"Hochmittelalter","name_en":null,"description_de":"","description_en":null,"concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503822-5","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/14"},"year_start":"900","year_end":"1000","date_verbal":"10. Jahrhundert","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":323,"souce":"HAUM Mittelalter","number":"0148","similar":"0"}],"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"4176":{"ikmk_person_id":"4176","title_de":"Dr.","first_name_de":"Emil","last_name_de":"Bahrfeldt","vitalDates":"01.01.1850 - 26.03.1929","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Emil","last_name_en":"Bahrfeldt","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118838105":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118838105","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emil_Bahrfeldt":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emil_Bahrfeldt","https:\/\/term.museum-digital.de\/md-de\/persinst\/62294":"https:\/\/term.museum-digital.de\/md-de\/persinst\/62294","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/54945382":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/54945382","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q5564176":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q5564176","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/4176":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/4176"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"0"}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"50","keyword_de":"Christliche Ikonographie","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7502667-3","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"37","keyword_de":"Geistliche F\u00fcrsten","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4156371-2","keyword_concept_uri":"https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/clergy"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"9","keyword_de":"Hochmittelalter, 10.-12. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503822-5","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"32","keyword_de":"Kaiser (MA&NZ)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4114123-4","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"19","keyword_de":"Westeuropa (ohne D)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4079215-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003761"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"125","timeline_item":"Nachahmungen, Imitationen, Beischl\u00e4ge","description":"Erfolgreiche und beliebte M\u00fcnzen sind auch im Mittelalter au\u00dferhalb ihres Ursprungsortes nachgeahmt worden. Die Gr\u00fcnde sind vielf\u00e4ltig: Teils folgte man einfach erprobten Mustern, teils wollte man am Erfolg des Vorbildes mitverdienen und den eigenen M\u00fcnzen die gleiche Verbreitung sichern, teils nahm der internationale Geldverkehr nur bestimmte Sorten an. Diese Art von Nachahmungen hielt in der Regel auch die G\u00fcte (Edelmetallgehalt) des Vorbildes ein, wie etwa die Florene des 14. Jhs. H\u00e4ufig haben Nachahmungen aber auch einen kriminellen Hintergrund, wenn nur noch das Bild, nicht aber die innere G\u00fcte dem Vorbild entsprach. Einen besonderen Fall stellen die sog. pseudo-imperialen Pr\u00e4gungen in den Staaten der V\u00f6lkerwanderungszeit dar. Einen anderen Fall bilden Beischl\u00e4ge in Regionen, die noch nicht an geldwirtschaftliche Verh\u00e4ltnisse gew\u00f6hnt sind, wie Skandinavien und die westslawischen Gebiete im 10. und 11. Jh.","year_from":"800","year_until":"1500","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"80","timeline_item":"Vom Karolingerreich zur Staatenwelt des MA","description":"Im Jahre 843 wurde im Vertrag von Verdun das Reich Karls des Gro\u00dfen nach einem blutigen B\u00fcrgerkrieg unter die drei S\u00f6hne Ludwigs des Frommen geteilt. Der \u00e4lteste Sohn Lothar wurde Kaiser und \u00fcbernahm das Mittelreich. Der westliche Reichsteil fiel an Karl den Kahlen, der \u00f6stliche an Ludwig den Deutschen. Das ostfr\u00e4nkisches Reich war 843 unter Ludwig dem Deutschen (840-876) praktisch noch ohne eigene M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung. Erst mit den sp\u00e4teren Reichsteilungen von 870 und 880 ging ein Teil der lotharingischen M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten an das ostfr\u00e4nkische Reich \u00fcber. Das westfr\u00e4nkische Reich entfaltete unter Karl dem Kahlen (840-877) eine umfangreiche M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung, deren Hintergrund teilweise die hohen Tribute bilden, die den fast j\u00e4hrlich das Reich heimsuchenden Normannen gezahlt werden mussten. Das Mittelreich folgt bis 855 - der n\u00f6rdliche Teil (Lotharingien) auch sp\u00e4terhin - m\u00fcnzgeschichtlich der westfr\u00e4nkischen Entwicklung, w\u00e4hrend das zum Mittelreich geh\u00f6rende Norditalien nach dem Tode Lothars I. (840-855) numismatisch eigene Wege ging.","year_from":"840","year_until":"1000","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"106","timeline_item":"Frankreich im Hochmittelalter","description":"Das M\u00fcnzwesen des westfr\u00e4nkisch-franz\u00f6sischen Reiches erlebte vom 10. bis zum 12. Jahrhundert eine Phase regionaler Zersplitterung, die den Zustand eines politisch weitgehend machtlosen K\u00f6nigtums und starker F\u00fcrsten widerspiegelt. Die in etwa 60-80 M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten ausgegebenen M\u00fcnzen zeigen im Gegensatz zum \u00fcbrigen Europa st\u00e4rkere Reduktionen des Silbergehaltes. \u00c4u\u00dferlich sind sie durch Immobilisierungstendenzen gekennzeichnet, d.h. Schrift und Bild werden unter allm\u00e4hlicher Verrohung bzw. Entstellung unver\u00e4ndert, zum Teil noch aus dem karolingischen Erbe des 9. Jahrhunderts \u00fcbernommen.","year_from":"850","year_until":"1200","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}